代乳品中不同来源蛋白质对哺乳期犊牛能氮代谢和免疫状况的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.09.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究代乳品中不同来源蛋白质对哺乳期犊牛营养物质消化代谢和免疫健康状况的影响。试验选用体重、日龄相近的中国荷斯坦公犊牛50头，随机分成5组，设定一个对照组和4个试验组，每组10头犊牛，对照组（MP组）代乳品蛋白源为全乳蛋白，试验组代乳品蛋白源由植物蛋白和乳蛋白（粗蛋白比为70∶30）组成，植物蛋白分别为大豆浓缩蛋白（SP组）、小麦水解蛋白（WP组）、花生浓缩蛋白（PP组）、大米分离蛋白（RP组）。分别在犊牛4～5、8～9周分别进行消化代谢试验，第3、5、7、9周龄时颈静脉采血。试验结果显示，28日龄时，植物蛋白4组犊牛粪能、尿能、消化能、代谢能分别为2.01～2.60、4.37～5.53、12.49～13.09、6.98～8.73 MJ•d-1，氮消化率和沉积率分别为68.94%～82.65%、33.79%～41.67%。其中WP、PP、RP组粪能显著高于MP组（P＜0.05），WP、PP组消化能、代谢能/总能显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），WP、PP、RP组消化能/总能显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），PP组代谢能、代谢能/消化能显著低于MP组（P＜0.05）。植物蛋白4组氮消化率、沉积磷显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），WP、PP组氮沉积率、沉积钙、沉积钙/摄入钙、消化磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/消化磷均显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），沉积钙/消化钙WP组显著低于MP组（P＜0.05）。63日龄时植物蛋白4组犊牛粪能、尿能、消化能、代谢能分别为4.75～5.48、10.00～11.02、23.93～24.89、13.20～14.56 MJ•d^-1，氮消化率和沉积率分别为71.86%～78.58%、40.70%～44.01%。其中WP、PP组粪能显著高于MP组（P＜0.05），WP、PP组消化能/总能显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），WP、PP、RP组氮消化率显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），沉积钙、沉积钙/摄入钙SP、WP、PP 3组显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），消化钙/摄入钙SP、WP组显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），沉积磷PP组显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），沉积磷/摄入磷、沉积磷/消化磷SP、RP组显著高于MP组（P＜0.05）。对于血清免疫指标，犊牛21日龄时WP、PP组IgG浓度显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），SP、WP、PP组IgM浓度显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），35日龄时WP、PP组IgA浓度显著高于MP组（P＜0.05），49日龄时WP、PP组IgG浓度显著低于MP组（P＜0.05），PP组IgM浓度显著高于MP组（P＜0.05），63日龄时PP组IgA浓度显著低于MP组（P＜0.05）。整个试验期内血清IL-2浓度各组间差异均不显著。综上所述，代乳品中蛋白来源对犊牛能量、氮、钙、磷代谢及免疫功能均存在影响，相对于乳源蛋白，植物蛋白会显著降低犊牛能量、氮、钙及磷的代谢率（P＜0.05），但总体上大豆和大米蛋白对犊牛能量、氮、钙和磷代谢的影响要小于小麦和花生蛋白，从各组犊牛血清IgG、IgA、IgM及IL-2水平来看，乳源、大豆和大米蛋白对犊牛造成的应激要明显低于小麦、花生蛋白，代乳品中蛋白质来源对犊牛能量、氮、钙及磷代谢率的影响随日龄的增加不断减小，而犊牛对植物蛋白的适应能力也随日龄的增加不断提高。

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein with different sources in milk replacer on nutrient digestion and rumen fermentations of suckling calves.Fifty Chinese Holstein bull calves with similar body weight and day age were randomly assigned to 5 groups (1 control group and 4 treatment groups) with 10 calves for each group.The protein source of control group (MP) was from milk protein.Calves in 4 treatment groups were fed with milk-replacer whose protein contained 70% vegetable protein and 30% milk protein of crude protein.Vegetable proteins were respectively soybean protein concentrate (SP)，hydrolyzed wheat protein (WP)，peanut protein concentrate (PP) and rice protein isolate (RP).Digestibility trials were respectively performed on 4-5 weeks and 8-9 weeks after birth.Blood serum were respectively extracted on 3，5，7 and 9 weeks after birth.The results showed as follows：At the age of 28 days，fecal energy (FE)，urinary energy (UE)，digestible energy (DE) and metabolic energy (ME) of groups of vegetable protein were 2.01-2.60，4.37-5.53，12.49-13.09，6.98-8.73 MJ•d^-1，and the digestibility and retention of nitrogen (N) were 68.94%-82.65%，33.79%-41.67%，respectively.Thereinto，FE of WP，PP，RP groups were significant higher than MP group (P＜0.05).DE and ME/GE (gross energy) of WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).DE/GE of WP，PP，RP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).ME and ME/DE of PP group were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).Nitrogen digestibility (ND) and P retention (PR) of all vegetable protein groups were significant lower than MP group(P＜0.05).Nitrogen retention (NR)，Ca retention (CaR)，CaR/CaI (Ca retention/Ca intake)，PD /PI (P digestibility/P intake)，PR/PI，PR/PD of WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).CaR/CaD (Ca retention/Ca digestibility) of WP group was significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).At the age of 63 days，FE，UE，DE，ME of vegetable protein groups were 4.75-5.48，10.00-11.02，23.93-24.89，13.20-14.56 MJ•d^-1，and ND，NR were between 71.86%-78.58%，40.70%-44.01%，respectively.Thereinto，FE of WP，PP groups were significant higher than MP group (P＜0.05).DE/GE of WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).ND of WP，PP，RP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).CaR，CaR/CaI of SP，WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).CaD/CaI of SP，WP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).PR of PP group were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05).PR/PI，PR/PD of SP，RP groups were significant higher than MP group (P＜0.05).For serum immune indexes，IgG concentration of WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05)，and IgM concentration of SP，WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group at 21 days (P＜0.05).IgA concentration of WP，PP groups were significant higher than MP group at 35 days (P＜0.05).IgG concentration of WP，PP groups were significant lower than MP group (P＜0.05)，and IgM concentration of PP group was significant higher than MP group at 49 days (P＜0.05).IgA concentration of PP group was significant lower than MP group at 63 days (P＜0.05).IL-2 concentration had no significant difference among all groups during the whole trial period.In conclusion，protein with different sources in milk replacer have effects on metabolism of energy，nitrogen，Ca，P and immune function.Vegetable protein in milk replacer could significantly reduce metabolic level of energy，nitrogen，Ca and P than milk protein，and soybean and rice protein have smaller influence.From the level of IgG，IgA，IgM and IL-2 in blood serum，stress of calves fed milk，soybean，rice protein were weaker than wheat，peanut protein.With the age of calves rising，the effects of protein sources were continually reduced on metabolism of energy，nitrogen，Ca，P and immune function，and the ability of using vegetable proteins also were continually enhanced.

中图分类号:

S823
S816.4

黄开武，屠焰，司丙文，许贵善，杜红芳，刁其玉. 代乳品中不同来源蛋白质对哺乳期犊牛能氮代谢和免疫状况的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(9): 1868-1878.

HUANG Kai-wu，TU Yan，SI Bing-wen，XU Gui-shan，DU Hong-fang，DIAO Qi-yu. Effect of Protein with Different Sources in Milk Replacer on Energy，Nitrogen Metabolism and Immune State of Suckling Calf[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(9): 1868-1878.

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